Nat Turner's Rebellion, also known as the Southampton Insurrection, was a significant slave rebellion that took place in Southampton County, Virginia, in August 1831. Nat Turner, an enslaved preacher and visionary, led a group of fellow enslaved individuals in a violent uprising against white slaveholders.

The rebellion began on the night of August 21, 1831, when Turner and his followers started their revolt, moving from plantation to plantation, killing white men, women, and children. The group grew in size as they moved through the countryside, and the violence continued for about 48 hours before local militia forces suppressed the uprising.

In the aftermath of the rebellion, at least 55 white people were killed, and Turner and many of his followers were captured and ultimately executed. The revolt led to a severe crackdown on enslaved populations in the South, with stricter slave codes and increased surveillance and control measures implemented to prevent future uprisings.

Nat Turner's Rebellion served as a powerful moment of resistance against the institution of slavery, and it inspired other enslaved individuals to seek freedom through rebellion and escape. The rebellion also sparked debates about the morality and sustainability of slavery in the United States, contributing to the growing tensions that would eventually lead to the Civil War.